Saudi Arabia is actively terraforming its arid land through massive national projects,

highlighted by the Saudi Green Initiative target to plant 10 billion trees, restore 74 million hectares of degraded land, and turn 30% of the country into protected nature.

Saudi Green Initiative (SGI): A national plan aiming to plant 10 billion trees, combat desertification, and reduce severe dust storms.

Green Riyadh: A $23 billion urban forestry project to plant 7.5 million trees in the capital by 2030, raising green space per person and dropping local temperatures.

Middle East Green Initiative: A regional alliance seeking to plant 50 billion trees across the Middle East

Methods

Recycled Wastewater: Expanding urban irrigation networks to utilize treated wastewater instead of scarce groundwater.

Native Species: Selecting 72 specific tree and shrub species resilient to extreme heat and low rainfall.

Soil Innovation: Testing special carbon-rich composts, such as treated organic waste, to help young roots lock into sandy desert soils.

Water Harvesting: Building small terraced dams and earth structures in parks like Thadiq National Park to capture and hold rare seasonal rainwater